Notecard ID Terms (Extra Credit) - Mr. E's Forum: 2006-2007

Date: Nov 16, 2006

Notecard ID Terms (Extra Credit)

Date: Nov 16, 2006

407. Age of the Common Man

While in office, Jackson greatly enhanced the power and prestige of the presidency. While each member of Congress represented a specific regional constituency, only Jackson represented all the people of the United States. Jackson convinced many Americans that their votes mattered. He espoused a political ideology of “democratic republicanism” that stressed the common peoples’ virtue, intelligence, and capacity for self-government. He also expressed a deep disdain for the “better classes,” which claimed a “more enlightened wisdom” than common men and women.

482. Women, their rights, areas of discrimination

The position of American women in the early 1800s was legally and socially inferior to men. Women could not vote and, if married, could not own property or retain their own earnings. The reform movements of the 1830s, specifically abolition and temperance, gave women a chance to get involved in the public arena. Women reformers soon began to agitate not just for temperance and abolition, but also for women’s rights. Activists such as Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Sojourner Truth argued that men and women are created equal and should be treated as such under the law.

Date: Nov 16, 2006

521. James K Polk- the 11th president of the United States. He is noted for winning a war with Mexico and adding new territories to the States. He was also the first president after Monroe to apply the Monroe Doctrine.

557. Samuel F.B. Morse- not only was he the inventor of Morse Code, he was also a painter of portraits and historic scenes. He was actually born in Massachusetts. Another invention he made was a marble-cutting machine to carve 3-d sculptures in marble or stone.

570. Wendell Phillips- Not only was he an American abolitionist, but he was also an advocate for Native Americans. He strongly believed they should have equal rights and argued that the 15th Amendment granted citizenship to Indians also.

598. Ostend Manifesto- This was a secret document written by the diplomats of Ostend, Belgium to acquire Cuba from Spain. They believed it naturally belonged to them. Minister to Britain James Buchanan, minister to France John Y. Mason, and minister to Spain Pierre Soule wanted to buy Cuba for the United States, and if Spain refused they thought they would be right to "wrestle" it from them. Cuba did not become part of the United States due to the fact that when the news became public, Northerners felt angry because of the "soon to be slave state".

hopefully i'll have time to do more later

Date: Nov 16, 2006

Samantha Bailey

509. Santa Ana

Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna (1794-1876) was born in Mexico on Feb. 21.He worked as a merchant until he became a cadet in the Mexican military. He was a loyal Spaniard and fought against the people during their revolution. He was a gambling addict and encouraged refugees of the revolution to gamble in the villages he made for them. When appointed Gov. of the Yucatan he wanted to invade Spanish controlled Cuba. He was elected president in a democratic election after the president was overthrown. He made himself a dictator. His demand for high taxes caused many Mexican states to start ignoring the government, people began to hate the president. In fear of his people he tried to escape Mexico, but was captured and then exiled to Cuba.

Date: Nov 16, 2006

ID Terms

406. Jacksonian Revolution of 1828

After the “Corrupt Bargain” in the 1824 Presidential Election, Andrew Jackson ran victoriously for office. A supporter of the common man, Jackson formulated a spoils system, giving citizens who supported him turns in various political offices. The easily corrupted political machine was a threat to those who opposed the Democratic Party, and as a result, the Anti-Masonic Party was formed for fear of conspiracy.

412. Kitchen Cabinet

Cabinets used to store dishes, utensils, food, etc. arranged around the wall area of a kitchen.

OR The term used to describe unofficial meeting Jackson held to help make presidential decisions. Members included: Francis P. Blair, Duff Green, Isaac Hill, Amos Kendall, and William B. Lewis.

http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-KitchenC.html

Date: Nov 16, 2006

Samantha Bailey

457. Millennialism

Believed by Christians. There will be a thousand years with out evil, good doers will be praised, and evil will be thwarted. The final battle between Jesus and the antichrist would establish this rule by Christ. Would be utopia until final judgment at the end of a millennia.

Date: Nov 16, 2006

Alex Z. wrote:

Cabinets used to store dishes, utensils, food, etc. arranged around the wall area of a kitchen.

Wow. That HAS to be worth some kind of point... :)

Date: Nov 16, 2006

467. Lyceum Movement.

A movement started in the 19th century in the United States to foster adult education. It took its name from the Lyceum, a school near Athens where the Greek philosopher Aristotle lectured to students. The movement promoted adult education through lectures and debates in which several transcendentalists participated. The movement also promoted activities to encourage the building of libraries and general participation in other reform movements.

490. American Peace Society.

The American Peace Society was a pacifist group founded by William Ladd, in New York, May 8 1828. It was formed by the merging of many state and local societies, from New York, Main, New Hampshire, and Massachusetts. It was the first nationally based secular peace organization in the United States history. The society organized peace conferences and regularly published a periodical entitled Advocate of Peace.

416. Maysville Road Veto.

The Maysville Road veto was a famous veto by U.S. President Andrew Jackson that is one of the most important events in the history of federalism in the United States. In 1830 the Maysville Road bill provided for the federal government to buy $150,000 in stock in a private company to fund a 60-mile road connecting the towns of Maysville and Lexington, an extension of the Cumberland and National Roads. The U.S. Congress passed the bill, with a 103 to 87 vote in the House of Representatives.Jackson vetoed the bill, arguing that federal subsidies for internal improvements that were located wholly within a single U.S. state were unconstitutional. Also Jackson said that he did not oppose the road but just wanted the state to build it, not the federal government. This dealt a blow to the American System of Henry Clay.

505. Horace Greeley

Horace Greeley was an American editor of a leading newspaper, a founder of the Republican party, reformer and politician. His New York Tribune was America's most influential newspaper 1840-1870. Greeley used it to promote the Whig and Republican parties, as well as antislavery and a host of reforms. Crusading against the corruption of Ulysses S. Grant's Republican administration, he was the presidential candidate in 1872 of a new Liberal Republican Party. Despite having the additional support of the Democratic Party he lost in a landslide.

Date: Nov 17, 2006

Kirsten Pereira

583.) Forty-Niners - Arriving in 1849 people from all over the world who were in search of gold traveled to California creating an expansion on population and a huge money making society. Some who traveled to search for gold found that it would be more realiztic and just as benefiting to work as services for the actual gold minors. Soon after there was much disorder in the mines and in the cities. The more people that arrived the less of a reward there would be, chaos corrupted businesses and towns that became unorganized and unsanitary due to the fact that everyone was too busy hunting for this so called gold. Illnesses such as cholera was also a huge problem.

419.) Willamette Valley - On the Oregon Trail many emigrants chose to stop at this destination because of its flourishing agricultural land which was one of the best in the world. At the end of the last ice age the Missoula Floods enriched the valley with rich volcanic and glacial soil which is why the emigrants found it to be so agriculturally productive. Berries, hazelnuts, vegetables, pine trees, and grass seed can all be found here.

http://www.calliope.org/gold/gold2.html

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willamette_Valley

Date: Nov 17, 2006

I remember discussing the Masons in class a few weeks ago and deciding to search for some information on them since i had absolutely no idea who they were or what they were about. I came upon the website http://www.grandlodgeofvirginia.org/whomason.htm that i thought might be interesting to everyone as well. For such a "secret society" they have very good ideals and values and their concept of "Brotherhood" should be used in all political organizations - like that will ever happen!?!

I didnt know exactly where to post this since it wasn't really an assignment so hopefully anyone who was interested in class will see this.

Date: Nov 17, 2006

Kristen, remember to post your sources for your notecard topics, ok? Thanks.

Date: Nov 23, 2006

Convention of 1800- a meeting between the US and France to destroy their alliance that they had since 1778. The French were at war with Britain and didnt want US (who was neutral) to be on their side. The result ended peacefully with America not being allied with any other nations until nearly a century and a half later.

The Rule of 1756- The British rule that a neutral nation could not trade if it opposed against Britain. It was created during the Seven Years War. The belief was that if a neutral nation trades, it is aiding the enemy.

Jay's Treaty- solved many issues left over from the Revolution and opened 10 years of trade. It was signed in Nov. 1794 and put into action in 1795. It was also known as the Treaty of London. Terms were signed by Alexander Hamilton and had strong support from George Washington and John Jay. Jeffersonians thought it made our nation too close with Britain. It encouraged trade with the two nations for a decade and broke up in 1803. They could not replace the treaty because of the War of 1812.

Treaty of Greenville- A Treaty signed between the Native Americans and the United States following the Northwest Indian war. The Native Americans turned over parts of Ohio, Chicago, and the Fort Detroit area for goods that added up to about 20,000 dollars. It was basically a boundary between Native American territory and land opened for whites.

Date: Nov 27, 2006

Corrupt Bargain- In the election of 1824, none of the candidates could get the majority of the electoral votes. Because of this, the decision was to be made by the House of Representatives. Clay convinced Congress to elect Adams over Jackson and then Adams made Clay his Secretary of State. People thought they had made some kind of agreement ahead of time, so the defeat of Jackson was called a Corrupt Bargain.

Kitchen Cabinet-an informal group that President Jackson put together to consult in place of his official Cabinet. This phrase is used to describe the President's closest advises who were unofficial.

Washington Irving- an author of the early 19th century. He is best known for his short stories, such as the "Legend of Sleepy Hollow" and "Rip van Winkle". He also wrote many essays and biographies.

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow- An American poet. His most famous work was probably "Paul Revere's Ride". Longfellow was also a member of the Fireside Poets.

Brook Farm- Another Utopian experiment in West Roxbury, Massachusetts. It was put together by George Ripley but inspired by Charles Fourier. Like many other Utopian communities, it was believed that people could live together to have a better lifestyle. Agriculture was not big here, but education was. It burnt to the ground in 1846, and the communities idea's went with it.

Shakers- A group originated in Manchester, England around 1772. They were strict believers in celibacy and kept their population by conversion and adoption. They were led by Ann Lee, who had a miserable marriage and felt the need to share her experiences with others and make them believe what she did.

American Temperence Union- When two unions formed in 1836, this Union was made to support anti-alcohol movements in the United States.

Nativism- Opposes immigration. This term distinguishes those who were born in the United States and those who have immigrated.

General Zachary Taylor- an American Military leader and the 12th President of the United States. He served in the War of 1812, Black Hawk War, and Second Seminole War. The first president to never hold any prior office.

Hegemony- The dominance of one group over others. It results in the empowerment of certain beliefs, values, and practices.

source: wikipedia.org

yeah, im gettin there

Date: Dec 6, 2006

Remember, you can still do these extra credit notecards for .5 points per term (in your own words, not cut and pasted) for any of the terms we're going over in class. You can find the ID terms on the CDROM.

Date: Dec 12, 2006

552. Elias Howe - Born on July 9, 1819 in Spencer, Massachusetts. Didn't actually invent the sewing machine, Walter Hunt invented it a few years before Elias Howe. Elias was the first to patent it, technically he was only a refiner of the sewing machine. He was buried in Gravesend cemetery in New York on October 3, 1867.

553. Ten Hour Movement - This movement was a campaign that took place in the 1830's and its outcome was the Ten Hours Act. This campaign was led by Richard Oastler who took action outside of the Parliament. Inside the Parliament John Feilden and Lord Shaftesbury were working to create a limit on working hours in textile mills.

557. Samuel F.B. Morse - Samuel Finley Breese Morse was born on April 27, 1791 in Charlestown, Massachusetts. He invented the Morse Code and was known to be a painter of portraits and historic scenes. He attended Yale University where he graduated in 1810. On April 2, 1872 he died at age 80 and was buried in Green-Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn, New York.

565. American Anti-Slavery Society - Established in 1833 and was founded by William Lloyd Garrison and Arthur Tappan. In only a brief 2 years there were 150,000 members and 1,000 local chapters. Two important speakers were Frederick Douglass and William Wells Brown. Another anti-slavery society broke apart from the American Anit-Slavery Society and formed the United States Liberty Party.

570. Wendell Phillips - Born on November 29, 1811 in Boston Massachusetts, and graduated from Harvard University in 1831. In 1834 he opened a law practice in Boston after reattending Harvard at their lawschool. He was a member of the American Anti-Slavery Society. He was known for being an American abolitionist, a orator, and a advocate for Native Americans. He died on February 2, 1884.

573. Sojourner Truth - Sojourner was born into slavery and later became a American abolitionist. She was the mother of five children, and she was one of 13 children. She fled to canda to become free in 1827 with her daughter Sophie, she later returned to the United States after New York abolished slavery.She became known for being a speaker for the abolitionist movement and the women's rights movement. She was known mostly for her famous speech "Ain't I a Woman?" that took place at a womens convention in Ohio in 1851.In 1867 she returned to michigan wher eshe passed away at her home on November 26, 1883.

www.wikipedia.org

Date: Dec 12, 2006

Thanks, Kelsey! You were clearly working on these during class when I called on you. I apologize!! Sorry!

Date: Dec 13, 2006

no problem mr.e i figured while you were going over things i would get a head start on everything and try to get some extra credit.

Date: Dec 13, 2006

590. Nashville Convention – In Nashville, Tennessee there was a political meeting held during June 3-11, 1850. Delegates met from nine different slaveholding states to consider a possible course of action if Congress would decide to ban slavery in territories that would be added to the United States as a result of the Westward Expansion and the Mexican-American War. These compromises that arose from the meeting helped to lead to the Compromise of 1850. There were 176 delegates from Virginia, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Texas, Arkansas, Florida, and Tennessee.

581. Free Soil Party – A political party that was short lived and active during the presidential elections of 1848 and 1852 also in some state elections. The political party was formed from a breakaway from the Democratic Party and was largely absorbed by the Republican Party in 1854. The party focused on opposing the expansion of slavery into territories.

591. Henry Clay – Born on April 12, 1777 in Virginia in the Hanover County. He was a American statesman and orator of Kentucky in both the House of Representatives and Senate. He founded and led the Whig Party; he was also the leader of advocating programs for modernizing the economy, which were topics such as factories, canals, railroads, and banks. He became known as the Great Compromiser due to his role in the slavery issue. He assisted John C. Calhoun in the Tariff of 1816. There are monuments and memorials built in his name in Pennsylvania, also 15 counties named for him. Clay passed away at the age of 75 in Washington, D.C. and was buried in Lexington Cemetery.

593. Underground Railroads – The Underground Railroad consisted of secret routes that African slaves traveled in the 19th century with the help of abolitionists to free states, sometimes they traveled as far north as Canada. Not all routes went north others went to Mexico and overseas. Between the years 1810 and 1850 there was an estimated 30.000 to 100.000 people who escaped their enslavement threw the Underground Railroad, however Census figures only account for 6,000. The Underground Railroad has captured Americas eye as being the symbol of freedom and plays a huge role in Black American history. Harriet Tubman an escaped slave herself became known for 19 trips she made into the south to help over 300 slaves escape to Canada.

594. Harriet Tubman – Born Araminta Ross in 1822 and died on March 10, 1913. She was the 4 of 9 children of Ben and Harriet Greene Ross. She was frequently hired out to other masters and endured inhumane treatment from some of her numerous masters. One of these inhuman treatments was when she had a two-pound weight hurled at her, hitting her in her head. From that point on she suffered intermittent narcoleptic seizures. Harriet possibly changed her name in honor of her mother. She later married John Tubman in 1844, he was a free black man, and when she ran away from Maryland he didn’t follow her instead he continued living his life in the Dorchester County. He was later killed in a roadside argument in 1967.
She was known as “Black Moses” “Grandma Moses” or even “Moses of Her People” due to the fact that she made 19 dangerous trips into the south to help free slaves threw the Underground Railroad. During these trips she helped free over 300 slaves and bring them to Canada where slavery wasn’t an issue. She was never captured and in her own words “never lost a passenger.”

598. Ostend Manifesto – A document written in secrecy in 1854 by U.S diplomats at Ostend, Belgium. It described a plan on how to buy Cuba from Spain. The document declared that Cuba was necessary, and that it naturally belongs to the great family of states. James Buchanan, John Y. Mason, and Pierre Soule devised a plan to buy Cuba for $130 million dollars for the United States. When the document was send back to the U.S State Department news was leaked out and it soon became public. As it leaked into the public Northerners were offended to the aggressive wording and Soule’s advocacy of slavery, and began to think it was a Southern attempt to extent slavery.

562. Sectionalism –Definition: excessive concern for interests of section: excessive concern for the interests of one group or area to the detriment of the whole.
http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/features/dictionary/DictionaryResults.aspx?refid=1861710839

572. David Walker - Born on September 28, 1785 as a freeman in Wilmington, North Carolina. His father was enslaved and his mother was free. He saw the cruelty of slavery during his childhood and one horrific account was watching a black slave being forced to whip his own mother to death. He left the south to travel and ended up settling in Boston where he opened his own used clothing store on the waterfront during the 1820’s. He was a black abolitionist who was mostly known for his pamphlet Walker’s Appeal which was 76 pages long. This pamphlet called for black pride, also demanding the immediate and universal emancipation of slaves, and defended violent rebellion as a means for the slaves to gain their freedom. He also wrote articles for Freedom’s Journal, which was a early African American newspaper that was based in New York City. Another accomplishment was that he helped organize the Massachusetts General Colored Association in 1828. Walker died on June 28, 1830.

theres more to come. ha

Date: Dec 14, 2006

Era of Good Feelings: This was the era after James Monroe was elected president in 1816. This time was given that name because it was a time in history when there wasn’t any “partisan bickering”. Even though during this time there was only one political party there still existed many differences concerning slavery, tariffs that were coming up more rapidly, and problems with foreign countries. www.u-s-history.com

Eli Whitney: He was acknowledged for the invention of the cotton gin but he was only the person that first patented it, in 1793, because the inventor of the cotton gin was in fact a man named Henry Ogden Holmes. Basically the cotton gin was a machine that would basically remove the seeds from the cotton. He was also noted for, in one time, inventing a musket that had interchangeable parts. He, though, wasn’t successful at it.

www.wikipedia.org

Interchangeable parts: Basically this a term given to certain parts that could be interchanged and used for other functions and they would fit into those other parts. www.wikipedia.org

Adams-Onis Treaty: First of all, the treaty was given that name because it was negotiated between the secretary of state, John Adams, and the Spanish Foregin Minister, Luis de Onis. Basically, under this treaty the U.S agreed to pay $5 million for all the rights to Florida and even some parts of Texas. This treaty also established the boundary between the U.S to the Rocky Mountains and the Pacific Ocean.

www.wikipedia.org

Pickney’s Treaty: Under this treaty that was negotiated in 1795 was an agreement that was between Spain and the United States that fixed the latitude of the U.S. and also establish certain arrangements that would greatly benefit the U.S. Also under this treaty, the U.S. was given free navigation of the Mississippi River through the territory that pertained to Spain. Another benefit that was given to the U.S was that it now could get deposits tax-free.

www.encyclopediabritannica.com

Date: Dec 14, 2006

1. Freeport Doctrine: Basically this was a doctrine that was proposed by Stephen Douglas in his election where he was running against Abraham Lincoln. Under this doctrine, Douglas proposed a way to attempt to find a way to compromise with anti-slavery protesters and pro-slavery protesters. He wanted to do this after Lincoln said that he had to choose between popular sovereignty and the Dred Scott decision. He didn’t want to choose one because both were very important in their own way

www.wikipediaencyclopedia.com

2. “Mad” Anthony Wayne: He got his name because he felt that one of his “commodores” Jemy the Rover, was being unruly by giving Wayne his name. Because of that, Wayne ordered that Jemy would receive 29 lashes on his back because of his unruliness.

www.earlyamerica.com

3. Treaty of Greenville: This was a treaty that put an end to the Northwest Indian War. This was signed after the Native American loss at the Battle of Fallen Timbers. It was signed at Fort Greenville in what is now Greenville, Ohio.

www.wikipediaencyclopedia.com

Date: Jan 18, 2007

ID TERMS:

Freedmen’s Bureau: Basically this was an agency that was formed after the Civil War and was a way of helping the refugees (both black and white) that took part in the war. The refugees would be provided with food, clothing, shelter, and even medical help. This agency also helped out in the field of education. This was a school that gave opportunities to freed blacks to even teach which was a huge step during this time.

Andrew Johnson: He was the 17th president of the United States. He took the place of Abraham Lincoln after he was assassinated. He wanted to go through with the Reconstruction of the U.S that Lincoln had talked so much about. During the time of his presidency racism became a major issue. Even though slavery was abolished prior to him taking office, racism had risen up into a very vicious thing. Black codes were created and secret societies, such as the KKK, were also created as a way to continuously torment the black people.

Black Codes: These codes were created during the presidency of Andrew Johnson. These were basically a way of the white people to keep slavery, but in a legal way. These codes were a way of forbidding blacks to live out the freedoms that they had won at the end of the Civil War. Under these codes there could be no intermarriage between two people from different races, blacks could not own property, and the craziest one was the one that if a white person saw a black person randomly walking they could actually ask the black person for written documents stating that he/she was working. If the black person couldn’t show any documents the white person could charge them with vagrancy and force them to work on a farm for little pay and for long hours. This sounds a whole lot like slavery but in a different version. (Vagrancy was a term that meant that they were just roaming around doing nothing.)

Segregation: This was a term used to describe the way of life that was introduced due to the immense racism. This meant that the blacks and the whites were completely separated in everything they did. They would not do anything together. There were separate restaurants, separate bathroom, separate movie theaters, etc. Basically they were not to associate in any way.

“Jim Crow” Laws: These were a set of laws that would punish anyone who would in any way associate with anyone from a different race. Since segregation was a new idea, these laws really came into play. Punishments would quickly be brought upon those who went against this new idea of segregation. This was nothing to play around with. They were serious about keeping the different races separate.

Nathan B. Forrest: He was a general that took part in the Civil War. Not only was he a general but he was the founder of the racist group called the KKK. He was the first Grand Wizard of the KKK in their first convention. He had always been a racist person, even during the Civil War and was now able to put all his racism into play. The KKK took part in many tortures and marches making it known that blacks just couldn’t be on the same level as whites. This went along with the idea of white supremacy which was another idea that also came into play. Whites, as they thought, were on a whole different level of life and couldn’t share that with any other races in the whole world.

Date: Jan 18, 2007

ID TERMS:

13th Amendment: This was the Amendment that was passed in December of 1865 and abolished slavery. This was passed after the Civil War.

14th Amendment: This was the Amendment that was passed in 1868 and stated that any person that was born into the U.S would automatically become a citizen and would have all the rights as any other citizen would to the U.S and to the state where they were born.

15th Amendment: This was the Amendment that was passed in 1870 and gave African American men the right to vote.

Copperheads: This was a name given to the Peace Democrats that opposed the American Civil War. They were given this name by their opponents, the Republicans. They were given this name after the American Copperhead, a snake that would strike without warning. The Copperheads took the name as something of honor and would wear copper coins as badges to show that they were proud to be what they were.

Mark Twain: A very famous novel writer that was around during the time of the Civil War period. He would write his stories based on what was actually happening in the world around him. He was inspired by the events that were taking place all around him. (His real name was Samuel Langhorne Clemens.)